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Practical notes on software engineering, product management, and lessons from the field.

Oct 11, 20265 min read

Agentic AI Chapter 2: The Agent Loop

How an agent actually works: the LLM decides, the runtime validates and executes, and the loop repeats until the goal is met. Walked through turn by turn with the iPhone 18 launch-day example.

Oct 11, 20264 min read

Agentic AI Chapter 3: Tool Calling

The model never runs a tool. It only asks for one in a structured format, and the runtime validates and executes it. Explained with the iPhone 18 launch-day example.

Aug 05, 202611 min read

System Design: Multi-Tenant SaaS - High-Level Overview

How platforms like Microsoft 365, Slack, and Salesforce serve millions of organizations with one application. Complete guide to isolation, database models, and request flows.

May 01, 20266 min read

Agentic AI Chapter 1: Agent vs Workflow

Before building an agent, ask whether you need one. A workflow follows fixed steps. An agent decides what to do next. Explained with an Amazon returns example.

Apr 05, 202617 min read

AI Fundamentals: RAG

A comprehensive guide to Retrieval-Augmented Generation for beginners. Learn how RAG solves LLM limitations, why fine-tuning falls short, and how to build systems that ground AI responses in real data.